CIPS L4M2 Latest Test Guide & L4M2 Practice Engine

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The Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply (CIPS) is a leading professional body for procurement and supply chain professionals worldwide. CIPS offers a range of certification programs that cater to the diverse needs of procurement and supply chain professionals. One such program is the CIPS Level 4 Diploma in Procurement and Supply. Defining Business Needs certification comprises eight modules that cover the core competencies required for professionals working in procurement and supply chain management. The second module of this diploma program is Defining Business Needs, also known as L4M2.

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CIPS Defining Business Needs Sample Questions (Q141-Q146):

NEW QUESTION # 141
Sealines Inc is developing its fleet of cargo ships. The company is planning to build a new ship powered by natural gas. Brian, the procurement manager at Sealines, suggests the project team to develop a through-life specification before engaging with the supplier. Is this a correct approach?

A. No, a ship is used only once, through-life management is unnecessary
B. No, the company just needs to select the lowest bidder
C. Yes, this approach will lower the total cost of ownership
D. Yes, decommissioning and disposal costs will not be accounted in this approach

Answer: C

Explanation:
Through-life management is a approach applied to capital asset. According to Ward and Graves, Through-life Management involves the life-cycle management of the products, services and activities required to deliver a fully integrated capability to the customer, while reducing the cost of ownership for the customer. According to CIPS study guide, through-life management comprises of 6 parts:
1. Design
2. Manufacture
3. Installation
4. In-service support
5. Decommission and disposal
6. Customer support
In this scenario, the company is planning to procure a ship, which is a capital asset. Through life management is a good approach. Sealines can start with developing through-life specification. This approach may have several benefits:
- It lowers the costs over the whole life of the asset
- It lowers the risks as there is a single company accountable for costs and service over the life of the asset
- A closer match between the asset delivered and the users' needs
- Development of capability over the life of the asset as the supplier continues to get experience of the users' needs and can adapt services to meet them.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 130-131;
- Through-life management: The provision of total customer solutions in the aerospace industry, by Yvonne Ward and Andrew Graves LO 3, AC 3.2

NEW QUESTION # 142
FSB Group is developing a specification for the construction of a new building. The project stakeholders need the specification to set specific criteria to ensure fair labour practices and local employment opportunities are prioritised. Which of the following describes this type of sustainability criteria?

A. Social Sustainability
B. Environmental Sustainability
C. Profit Sustainability
D. Economic Sustainability

Answer: A

Explanation:
Detailed Explanation:Social sustainability focuses on ethical considerations like fair labour practices, inclusivity, and community development. By addressing these criteria, FSB Group aligns with responsible business practices. Reference: CIPS Level 4, Sustainability in Procurement.

NEW QUESTION # 143
Which of the following statements is true about product life cycle?

A. The price competition will be the fiercest at the declining stage because the inventories are plentiful
B. Sale volume will be the highest at the introductory stage
C. If price skimming is adopted, the supplier will gradually lower the price when it attracts enough buyers
D. The price remains static throughout the product life cycle

Answer: C

Explanation:
A product's life cycle portrays the length of time a product is in the market; from the beginning of its introduction to consumers until it is removed from shelves and phased out. This cycle is often divided into four phases: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. Depending on the relevant stage, companies will set an according strategy to achieve their desired targets. Pricing and promotions play a pivotal role in the design of these product life cycle strategies. Therefore, product life cycle management, the process of strategizing ways to continuously support and maintain a product, is seen more and more at pricing mature players and could bring real value to your company.
Introduction phase: during the introduction phase, the new product is introduced to consumers and a substantial amount of money is invested in advertising and marketing campaigns to bring awareness of the product to the customer. In this phase competition is low, but units sold will also correspondingly be quite low as well still. Consumers need to be convinced of the benefits of the product. Lots of articles never make it beyond this phase: e.g. 3D televisions.
Profits in the introduction stage tend to be low or there may even be a loss. This is because the cost of marketing to establish product awareness plus distribution costs can be far higher than the revenue received from sales. This can be offset to a degree by 'skimming' price in the very early stages. Skimming a price is where a business charges the highest price that it thinks the market will bear initially until product recognition brings in other buyers and then the price drop.
Growth phase: when it's shown there is proven demand for the product and consumers are buying it, the next stage will be its growth phase. This phase is punctuated by increasing demand, increas-ing production and an increase in the competitive landscape. Availability of the product is under-standably paramount during this phase, going out of stock is unthinkable during the growth period.
The electric car is an example of a product that is currently in the midst of the growth phase.
Maturity phase: normally the maturity phase is the phase that is characterized by declining production and marketing costs due to synergies and economies of scale. During this phase the first signs of market saturation occur and most consumers or households already own the product. Sales numbers still grow, but at a slower pace. In the maturity phase, price competition becomes intense, a broader range of distribution channels are deployed and competition is more focused on competitive pricing, marginal product differences or the difference in services or promotions. This period in the PLC is often said to be the 'cash-cow period'.
That being said, the idea of 'Maturity from the start' also exists. This occurs when a brand decides to launch a product extension and directly follows up the maturity phase of an earlier version of the product. For example, the iPhoneX followed up from the 'normal' iPhone-series and therefore the iPhoneX never had to undergo the introduction or growth phase, but immediately started in its maturity phase.
Decline phase: the final phase of the PLC is entered once the product loses market share to other, newer products and the competitive landscape becomes too hard to survive. During this stage, de-mand declines, companies are left with overstock with prices and margins getting depressed. Therefore retailers and brands normally start stunting with promotions during the decline of the PLC to sell their final stock.
A well-known example of a product that has been through the decline phase were the Nokia phones; sales results dramatically decreased after the introduction of the iPhone.

NEW QUESTION # 144
According to Porter's value chain, which of the following activities is categorised as support activity?

A. Develop digital SRM technology to manage suppliers better
B. Supervising the production line
C. Distribution of products from factory to retailer
D. Storage of raw materials
E. Product warranties and special services

Answer: A

Explanation:
Primary activities consist of inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, sales & marketing, service.
Second activities consist of firm infrastructure, human resource management, technology development and procurement Graphical user interface, diagram Description automatically generated

Support activities (also known as secondary activities) include Firm infrastructure, Human resource management, Technology development and Procurement. Developing digital SRM technology to manage suppliers better is Technology development.
LO 1, AC 1.2

NEW QUESTION # 145
How can a procurement department meet the business needs when purchasing leverage items?

A. Developing long-term relationships such as partnerships
B. Developing buying power such as competitive tendering
C. Developing efficient order processes such as e-procurement
D. Developing effective contracts such as call-off contracts

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 146
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CIPS Defining Business Needs Sample Questions (Q141-Q146):

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